splice and pipes¶
splice API¶
splice is a method for moving blocks of data around inside the kernel, without continually transferring them between the kernel and user space.
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ssize_t splice_to_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_pipe_desc *spd)¶
fill passed data into a pipe
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipepipe to fill
struct splice_pipe_desc *spddata to fill
Description
spd contains a map of pages and len/offset tuples, along with the struct pipe_buf_operations associated with these pages. This function will link that data to the pipe.
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ssize_t copy_splice_read(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos, struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags)¶
Copy data from a file and splice the copy into a pipe
Parameters
struct file *inThe file to read from
loff_t *pposPointer to the file position to read from
struct pipe_inode_info *pipeThe pipe to splice into
size_t lenThe amount to splice
unsigned int flagsThe SPLICE_F_* flags
Description
This function allocates a bunch of pages sufficient to hold the requested amount of data (but limited by the remaining pipe capacity), passes it to the file’s ->read_iter() to read into and then splices the used pages into the pipe.
Return
On success, the number of bytes read will be returned and *ppos will be updated if appropriate; 0 will be returned if there is no more data to be read; -EAGAIN will be returned if the pipe had no space, and some other negative error code will be returned on error. A short read may occur if the pipe has insufficient space, we reach the end of the data or we hit a hole.
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int splice_from_pipe_feed(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_desc *sd, splice_actor *actor)¶
feed available data from a pipe to a file
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipepipe to splice from
struct splice_desc *sdinformation to actor
splice_actor *actorhandler that splices the data
Description
This function loops over the pipe and calls actor to do the actual moving of a single
struct pipe_bufferto the desired destination. It returns when there’s no more buffers left in the pipe or if the requested number of bytes (sd->total_len) have been copied. It returns a positive number (one) if the pipe needs to be filled with more data, zero if the required number of bytes have been copied and -errno on error.This, together with splice_from_pipe_{begin,end,next}, may be used to implement the functionality of
__splice_from_pipe()when locking is required around copying the pipe buffers to the destination.
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int splice_from_pipe_next(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_desc *sd)¶
wait for some data to splice from
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipepipe to splice from
struct splice_desc *sdinformation about the splice operation
Description
This function will wait for some data and return a positive value (one) if pipe buffers are available. It will return zero or -errno if no more data needs to be spliced.
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void splice_from_pipe_begin(struct splice_desc *sd)¶
start splicing from pipe
Parameters
struct splice_desc *sdinformation about the splice operation
Description
This function should be called before a loop containing
splice_from_pipe_next()andsplice_from_pipe_feed()to initialize the necessary fields of sd.
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void splice_from_pipe_end(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_desc *sd)¶
finish splicing from pipe
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipepipe to splice from
struct splice_desc *sdinformation about the splice operation
Description
This function will wake up pipe writers if necessary. It should be called after a loop containing
splice_from_pipe_next()andsplice_from_pipe_feed().
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ssize_t __splice_from_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct splice_desc *sd, splice_actor *actor)¶
splice data from a pipe to given actor
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipepipe to splice from
struct splice_desc *sdinformation to actor
splice_actor *actorhandler that splices the data
Description
This function does little more than loop over the pipe and call actor to do the actual moving of a single
struct pipe_bufferto the desired destination. See pipe_to_file, pipe_to_sendmsg, or pipe_to_user.
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ssize_t splice_from_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out, loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags, splice_actor *actor)¶
splice data from a pipe to a file
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipepipe to splice from
struct file *outfile to splice to
loff_t *pposposition in out
size_t lenhow many bytes to splice
unsigned int flagssplice modifier flags
splice_actor *actorhandler that splices the data
Description
See __splice_from_pipe. This function locks the pipe inode, otherwise it’s identical to
__splice_from_pipe().
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ssize_t iter_file_splice_write(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out, loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags)¶
splice data from a pipe to a file
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipepipe info
struct file *outfile to write to
loff_t *pposposition in out
size_t lennumber of bytes to splice
unsigned int flagssplice modifier flags
Description
Will either move or copy pages (determined by flags options) from the given pipe inode to the given file. This one is ->write_iter-based.
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ssize_t splice_to_socket(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct file *out, loff_t *ppos, size_t len, unsigned int flags)¶
splice data from a pipe to a socket
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipepipe to splice from
struct file *outsocket to write to
loff_t *pposposition in out
size_t lennumber of bytes to splice
unsigned int flagssplice modifier flags
Description
Will send len bytes from the pipe to a network socket. No data copying is involved.
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ssize_t vfs_splice_read(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos, struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags)¶
Read data from a file and splice it into a pipe
Parameters
struct file *inFile to splice from
loff_t *pposInput file offset
struct pipe_inode_info *pipePipe to splice to
size_t lenNumber of bytes to splice
unsigned int flagsSplice modifier flags (SPLICE_F_*)
Description
Splice the requested amount of data from the input file to the pipe. This is synchronous as the caller must hold the pipe lock across the entire operation.
If successful, it returns the amount of data spliced, 0 if it hit the EOF or a hole and a negative error code otherwise.
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ssize_t splice_direct_to_actor(struct file *in, struct splice_desc *sd, splice_direct_actor *actor)¶
splices data directly between two non-pipes
Parameters
struct file *infile to splice from
struct splice_desc *sdactor information on where to splice to
splice_direct_actor *actorhandles the data splicing
Description
This is a special case helper to splice directly between two points, without requiring an explicit pipe. Internally an allocated pipe is cached in the process, and reused during the lifetime of that process.
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ssize_t do_splice_direct(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos, struct file *out, loff_t *opos, size_t len, unsigned int flags)¶
splices data directly between two files
Parameters
struct file *infile to splice from
loff_t *pposinput file offset
struct file *outfile to splice to
loff_t *oposoutput file offset
size_t lennumber of bytes to splice
unsigned int flagssplice modifier flags
Description
For use by do_sendfile(). splice can easily emulate sendfile, but doing it in the application would incur an extra system call (splice in + splice out, as compared to just sendfile()). So this helper can splice directly through a process-private pipe.
Callers already called rw_verify_area() on the entire range.
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ssize_t splice_file_range(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos, struct file *out, loff_t *opos, size_t len)¶
splices data between two files for copy_file_range()
Parameters
struct file *infile to splice from
loff_t *pposinput file offset
struct file *outfile to splice to
loff_t *oposoutput file offset
size_t lennumber of bytes to splice
Description
For use by ->copy_file_range() methods. Like
do_splice_direct(), but vfs_copy_file_range() already holds start_file_write() on out file.
Callers already called rw_verify_area() on the entire range.
pipes API¶
Pipe interfaces are all for in-kernel (builtin image) use. They are not exported for use by modules.
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struct pipe_buffer¶
a linux kernel pipe buffer
Definition:
struct pipe_buffer {
struct page *page;
unsigned int offset, len;
const struct pipe_buf_operations *ops;
unsigned int flags;
unsigned long private;
};
Members
pagethe page containing the data for the pipe buffer
offsetoffset of data inside the page
lenlength of data inside the page
opsoperations associated with this buffer. See pipe_buf_operations.
flagspipe buffer flags. See above.
privateprivate data owned by the ops.
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struct pipe_inode_info¶
a linux kernel pipe
Definition:
struct pipe_inode_info {
struct mutex mutex;
wait_queue_head_t rd_wait, wr_wait;
unsigned int head;
unsigned int tail;
unsigned int max_usage;
unsigned int ring_size;
unsigned int nr_accounted;
unsigned int readers;
unsigned int writers;
unsigned int files;
unsigned int r_counter;
unsigned int w_counter;
bool poll_usage;
#ifdef CONFIG_WATCH_QUEUE;
bool note_loss;
#endif;
struct page *tmp_page;
struct fasync_struct *fasync_readers;
struct fasync_struct *fasync_writers;
struct pipe_buffer *bufs;
struct user_struct *user;
#ifdef CONFIG_WATCH_QUEUE;
struct watch_queue *watch_queue;
#endif;
};
Members
mutexmutex protecting the whole thing
rd_waitreader wait point in case of empty pipe
wr_waitwriter wait point in case of full pipe
headThe point of buffer production
tailThe point of buffer consumption
max_usageThe maximum number of slots that may be used in the ring
ring_sizetotal number of buffers (should be a power of 2)
nr_accountedThe amount this pipe accounts for in user->pipe_bufs
readersnumber of current readers of this pipe
writersnumber of current writers of this pipe
filesnumber of struct file referring this pipe (protected by ->i_lock)
r_counterreader counter
w_counterwriter counter
poll_usageis this pipe used for epoll, which has crazy wakeups?
note_lossThe next read() should insert a data-lost message
tmp_pagecached released page
fasync_readersreader side fasync
fasync_writerswriter side fasync
bufsthe circular array of pipe buffers
userthe user who created this pipe
watch_queueIf this pipe is a watch_queue, this is the stuff for that
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bool pipe_has_watch_queue(const struct pipe_inode_info *pipe)¶
Check whether the pipe is a watch_queue, i.e. it was created with O_NOTIFICATION_PIPE
Parameters
const struct pipe_inode_info *pipeThe pipe to check
Return
true if pipe is a watch queue, false otherwise.
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bool pipe_empty(unsigned int head, unsigned int tail)¶
Return true if the pipe is empty
Parameters
unsigned int headThe pipe ring head pointer
unsigned int tailThe pipe ring tail pointer
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unsigned int pipe_occupancy(unsigned int head, unsigned int tail)¶
Return number of slots used in the pipe
Parameters
unsigned int headThe pipe ring head pointer
unsigned int tailThe pipe ring tail pointer
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bool pipe_full(unsigned int head, unsigned int tail, unsigned int limit)¶
Return true if the pipe is full
Parameters
unsigned int headThe pipe ring head pointer
unsigned int tailThe pipe ring tail pointer
unsigned int limitThe maximum amount of slots available.
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struct pipe_buffer *pipe_buf(const struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, unsigned int slot)¶
Return the pipe buffer for the specified slot in the pipe ring
Parameters
const struct pipe_inode_info *pipeThe pipe to access
unsigned int slotThe slot of interest
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struct pipe_buffer *pipe_head_buf(const struct pipe_inode_info *pipe)¶
Return the pipe buffer at the head of the pipe ring
Parameters
const struct pipe_inode_info *pipeThe pipe to access
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bool pipe_buf_get(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf)¶
get a reference to a pipe_buffer
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipethe pipe that the buffer belongs to
struct pipe_buffer *bufthe buffer to get a reference to
Return
true if the reference was successfully obtained.
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void pipe_buf_release(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf)¶
put a reference to a pipe_buffer
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipethe pipe that the buffer belongs to
struct pipe_buffer *bufthe buffer to put a reference to
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int pipe_buf_confirm(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf)¶
verify contents of the pipe buffer
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipethe pipe that the buffer belongs to
struct pipe_buffer *bufthe buffer to confirm
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bool pipe_buf_try_steal(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf)¶
attempt to take ownership of a pipe_buffer
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipethe pipe that the buffer belongs to
struct pipe_buffer *bufthe buffer to attempt to steal
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bool generic_pipe_buf_try_steal(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf)¶
attempt to take ownership of a
pipe_buffer
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipethe pipe that the buffer belongs to
struct pipe_buffer *bufthe buffer to attempt to steal
Description
This function attempts to steal the
struct pageattached to buf. If successful, this function returns 0 and returns with the page locked. The caller may then reuse the page for whatever he wishes; the typical use is insertion into a different file page cache.
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bool generic_pipe_buf_get(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf)¶
get a reference to a
struct pipe_buffer
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipethe pipe that the buffer belongs to
struct pipe_buffer *bufthe buffer to get a reference to
Description
This function grabs an extra reference to buf. It’s used in the tee() system call, when we duplicate the buffers in one pipe into another.
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void generic_pipe_buf_release(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, struct pipe_buffer *buf)¶
put a reference to a
struct pipe_buffer
Parameters
struct pipe_inode_info *pipethe pipe that the buffer belongs to
struct pipe_buffer *bufthe buffer to put a reference to
Description
This function releases a reference to buf.